Companies from Bucuresti
According to the official data available for year 2024, in Bucuresti au reported financial data 298.160 by companies with a cumulated sales figure of 1,001,053.13 millions ron higher with 2 % compared to the previous year and representing 36.76 % from the sales figure of all companies at national national. Bucuresti is on the rank 1 in the Romanian top by the sales figure registered by the companies presented here. Bucuresti are represented by NACE codes: 4711 - Comert cu amanuntul in magazine nespecializate, cu vanzare predominanta de produse alimentare, bauturi si tutun 4120 - Lucrari de constructii a cladirilor rezidentiale si nerezidentiale 7022 - Activitati de consultanta pentru afaceri si management 7311 - Activitati ale agentiilor de publicitate 4791 - Comert cu amanuntul prin intermediul caselor de comenzi sau prin Internet. In total, in county Bucuresti work 1,148,763 persons. From the county companies Bucuresti 134631 reported a sales figure higher than 0, while out of these 97,004 registered net fiscal profit. 69,452 registered losses. Complete information about the financial stetements of the companies from county Bucuresti their legal situation (associates, contact data, etc), trials in courts, payment and debts of the company to the state budgets you can find requesting
ILCEMSU SRL
Fiscal Code: 18680554 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8042/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. HARNICIE
AGF LIDER CONSTRUCT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 21800316 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10110/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. COLENTIN
MANIJAN IMPEX S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13227804 Registration number Trade Register: J40/6928/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. RASCOALA
KIMO GENERAL BUSINESS S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 20762079 Registration number Trade Register: J40/1256/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, ALEEA ZARANDU
I.C.R.U. S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 426619 Registration number Trade Register: J40/5230/1991, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. VIGONIEI
SOFT CONSTRUCTOR SRL
Fiscal Code: 18077597 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18057/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. ELEV ŞTE
HAIKU SOFTWARE SRL
Fiscal Code: 13230842 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7015/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. BOISOARA
REAL ESTATE CONSULTING & MANAGEMENT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 21795201 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10030/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, SOS. OLTENITE
CRIST-ALL AMBIENT IMPEX SRL
Fiscal Code: 18077627 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18062/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. CONTESTI
CLARISON SERV SRL
Fiscal Code: 18683593 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8078/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. UIOARA,
PREMIUM BUS S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18077872 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18071/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, B-DUL GHEORGH
TIGLO TIPOGRAPHY S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 28297379 Registration number Trade Register: J40/4098/2011, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL POLIGRA
ZHUANGSHUN IMPEX S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 25823720 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8276/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, SOS. GARII CA
PARTNER INSTAL CONSTRUCT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18683640 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8082/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. SARUL DO
BIJU FIERARI S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18078584 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18103/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. PEISAJUL
VISMA IMOBILIARE SRL
Fiscal Code: 18078681 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18098/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL UNIRII,
LIVE & STYLE IMPEX S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18078754 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18093/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA EMIL RA
NICUSOR BUCURESTI S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13231147 Registration number Trade Register: J40/6985/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. ALEEA DE
TERRA NETWORKS LIMITED S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18079474 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18112/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, B-DUL IULIU M
AMIEL INVESTITII SI CONSULTANTA SRL
Fiscal Code: 18231652 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21409/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. MIHAI EM
WANG SI IMPORT EXPORT SRL
Fiscal Code: 13234968 Registration number Trade Register: J40/4862/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, BLD. CHIŞINĂU
INSPECT CONSTRUCT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18233360 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21461/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. NUVELEI,
S.I.T.- SFETCU INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 5221436 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2232/1994, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL ION MIH
PLAJA CORBU BETA S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 24131330 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11391/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. ION CIMP
SILVER SPOON PRODUCTION S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18233610 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21446/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. BABA NOV
MULTI WEB EXPERT SRL
Fiscal Code: 18233637 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21466/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. DRISTOR,
IVANA FASHION SRL
Fiscal Code: 18233653 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21425/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. NERVA TR
VIN DAN CONSULTING S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18233670 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21423/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL NICOLAE
ALIM ARCADIA S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 427100 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2968/1991, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. SEBASTIA
ECOENERGY BY GE.DE.T S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 21787160 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9883/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. AV.FUICA
REAL IMPACT CONSTRUCTION SRL
Fiscal Code: 18233912 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21435/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. VINTILA
P.N.G. 2000 SRL
Fiscal Code: 13236179 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7056/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. FILDEŞUL
ARTIMPRES ROAGENCY S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18235530 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21488/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. STOICA L
MEVA IMPEX SRL
Fiscal Code: 5221479 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2224/1994, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. COL. BOR
DAGROM UNIVERSAL S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13236195 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7054/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, ALEEA ROTUNDA
PSIHO CONSULTING SRL
Fiscal Code: 18235670 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21497/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. POIANA F
DANAE DESIGN SRL
Fiscal Code: 13236217 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7052/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. MIHAI BR
MACOS PROJECT SRL
Fiscal Code: 25799109 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8076/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. AMIRAL H
STEFANA CONSTRUCT IMPEX S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 24144410 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11719/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. SIBIU, N
CHT DEVELOPMENT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 21791897 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9991/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. RADU CAL
GLOBAL MARKETING SOLUTIONS SRL
Fiscal Code: 13236330 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7040/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL GENERAL
ARIO CONSULT INTERNATIONAL S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 22254395 Registration number Trade Register: J40/15362/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. DR. IACO
FLOWER PARTY SRL
Fiscal Code: 18236005 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21511/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. SF. ANA,
YAMCO PROD COM S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18236021 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21527/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL NICOLAE
NOSTRA IMPEX SRL
Fiscal Code: 46059 Registration number Trade Register: J40/20085/1992, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, SOS. VIILOR,
OBISTI DECOR SRL
Fiscal Code: 18236080 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21516/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. IZVORUL
LAZAR GROUP SRL
Fiscal Code: 18236099 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21531/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. IZVORUL
RED MAP SRL
Fiscal Code: 13236454 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7028/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. THEODOR
ZOTTEX SRL
Fiscal Code: 5222172 Registration number Trade Register: J40/27408/1993, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, B-DUL TIMISOA
BLUE LEMON MEDIA INVESTMENT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18238634 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21570/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. ARISTOTE
AUTOMAR TEHNIC SRL
Fiscal Code: 18238650 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21541/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. PANTELIM
ALFA EXPERT AUDITAX S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13237948 Registration number Trade Register: J40/20290/2004, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. BORSA, N
FINANCIAL SPORT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18238685 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21556/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. COLENTIN
HITECH DESIGN ART SRL
Fiscal Code: 18238758 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21578/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. LIVIU RE
TIC-TAC TREND S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 26049776 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9436/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. MRENEI,
SATURN COMPANY S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18684041 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8108/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, INTR. IZVORAN
FREESTYLE RUS S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 23983546 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9641/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL CAMIL R
TRUST INTERNATIONAL CONSULT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18238901 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21537/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, ALEEA IOSIF H
BKP EXPERT MANAGEMENT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18238910 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21542/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA TRESTIA
HURMU ALIMENT CONCEPT SRL
Fiscal Code: 18238987 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21563/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. GAROAFEI
UNICREDIT BANK SA BUCURESTI SUCURSALA MARASESTI BUCURESTI
Fiscal Code: 13241051 Registration number Trade Register: J2000007132403, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, SPL UNIRII, N
MOTOR TRADING S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18835861 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11171/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. PIPERA,
GROUP SERVICE SRL TARANTO ITALIA SUCURSALA BUCURESTI ROMANIA
Fiscal Code: 13241060 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7131/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. BRANDUSE
GEMENII CONSULTING GRUP 2005 AGENT DE ASIGURARE S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18239109 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21572/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. HUEDIN,
BLUE MOON MEDIA SRL
Fiscal Code: 18239117 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21571/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. DRUMUL T
VERSATILE SOFTWARE SRL
Fiscal Code: 23085260 Registration number Trade Register: J40/696/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, BLD. THEODOR
DIROMA IMPORT EXPORT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13241159 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7122/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. RAHMANIN
VEST ART DEVELOPMENT SRL
Fiscal Code: 18239613 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21608/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, B-DUL CAROL I
STUDIO DESIGN MODEXIM S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18239621 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21592/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, B-DUL IULIU M
TOYO MOTOR LEASING IFN SA
Fiscal Code: 18239699 Registration number Trade Register: J2005021605409, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, SPL. UNIRII,
EUROTOTAL PROSERV AFG S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 24560986 Registration number Trade Register: J40/16980/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. CARAGEA
LACRIS ACTIV IMPEX SRL
Fiscal Code: 18239753 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21602/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. FRUMUSAN
NET MOD SRL
Fiscal Code: 21409289 Registration number Trade Register: J40/5799/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. ION MINU
MD CONSULTANTA AD-HOC S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 24540261 Registration number Trade Register: J40/16688/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. AMICITIE
MAGEST TURISM S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18240391 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21623/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, B-DUL DIMITRI
LEADER FANTESY S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18240405 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21622/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, ALEEA MOINEST
FEDERAL TRADING SRL
Fiscal Code: 18240430 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21631/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. DRUMUL O
COUNTESS OFFICE CONSULT SRL
Fiscal Code: 13246768 Registration number Trade Register: J2000007174409, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL NICOLAE
A.L.G. TRADING COM S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 5229022 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2665/1994, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. DRAGUSIN
AGENTIA DE PUBLICITATE SARE SI PIPER S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18240510 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21642/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. VISINILO
ALIMAX ALLIANCE S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18240545 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21634/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. ALEEA SE
MACRI TRANS S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18837854 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11185/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. G-RAL ST
G&G MARIAJE SRL
Fiscal Code: 18240561 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21640/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, BLD. IULIU MA
REBEL 2000 IMPEX S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13246946 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7156/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. SINAIA,
IRICARMEL SRL
Fiscal Code: 18241052 Registration number Trade Register: J40/22194/2023, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. PIAŢA GĂ
CDF NETWORK SRL
Fiscal Code: 18242163 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21651/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. BAICULES
DENDRO SERVICE S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 25809237 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8170/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. PAVLOV,
IFN FINANCE INFINITY SA
Fiscal Code: 21147625 Registration number Trade Register: J40/3515/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, CALEA RAHOVEI
HASH TEAM S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 22043550 Registration number Trade Register: J40/12755/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, BLD. IULIU MA
GREEN HERITAGE INVESTMENT S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18242236 Registration number Trade Register: J2005021662402, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR AV. POPIŞ
ART SMART S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13247089 Registration number Trade Register: J29/655/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. LUNCŞOAR
GABIMAD COM TRADING S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 26595700 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2209/2010, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. PICTOR H
SALMAR IMPEX S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 13247097 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7141/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, B-DUL LACUL T
MARRA FOOD & BEVERAGE S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 21815864 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10276/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. BALARIA,
INCREDO GRUP S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 21409076 Registration number Trade Register: J40/5768/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. POPA TAT
FRIENDS CAFE S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 25578434 Registration number Trade Register: J40/6087/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, ALEEA ARMENIS
VALICOR TRANS S.R.L.
Fiscal Code: 18242449 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21670/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA UCEA, N
RAMCO GRUP SRL
Fiscal Code: 13521060 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10375/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA TERASEI
ELECTRO VAL-FLOR SRL
Fiscal Code: 18245089 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21698/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. CÂMPUL C
ADERNO IMPORT EXPORT SRL
Fiscal Code: 33897213 Registration number Trade Register: J40/14442/2014, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, SPL. INDEPEND