Companies from Bucuresti

According to the official data available for year 2024, in Bucuresti au reported financial data 298.160 by companies with a cumulated sales figure of 1,001,053.13 millions ron higher with 2 % compared to the previous year and representing 36.76 % from the sales figure of all companies at national national. Bucuresti is on the rank 1 in the Romanian top by the sales figure registered by the companies presented here. Bucuresti are represented by NACE codes: 4711 - Comert cu amanuntul in magazine nespecializate, cu vanzare predominanta de produse alimentare, bauturi si tutun 4120 - Lucrari de constructii a cladirilor rezidentiale si nerezidentiale 7022 - Activitati de consultanta pentru afaceri si management 7311 - Activitati ale agentiilor de publicitate 4791 - Comert cu amanuntul prin intermediul caselor de comenzi sau prin Internet. In total, in county Bucuresti work 1,148,763 persons. From the county companies Bucuresti 134631 reported a sales figure higher than 0, while out of these 97,004 registered net fiscal profit. 69,452 registered losses. Complete information about the financial stetements of the companies from county Bucuresti their legal situation (associates, contact data, etc), trials in courts, payment and debts of the company to the state budgets you can find requesting

ILCEMSU SRL

Fiscal Code: 18680554 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8042/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. HARNICIE

AGF LIDER CONSTRUCT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 21800316 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10110/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. COLENTIN

MANIJAN IMPEX S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13227804 Registration number Trade Register: J40/6928/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. RASCOALA

KIMO GENERAL BUSINESS S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 20762079 Registration number Trade Register: J40/1256/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, ALEEA ZARANDU

I.C.R.U. S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 426619 Registration number Trade Register: J40/5230/1991, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. VIGONIEI

SOFT CONSTRUCTOR SRL

Fiscal Code: 18077597 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18057/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. ELEV ŞTE

HAIKU SOFTWARE SRL

Fiscal Code: 13230842 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7015/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. BOISOARA

REAL ESTATE CONSULTING & MANAGEMENT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 21795201 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10030/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, SOS. OLTENITE

CRIST-ALL AMBIENT IMPEX SRL

Fiscal Code: 18077627 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18062/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. CONTESTI

CLARISON SERV SRL

Fiscal Code: 18683593 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8078/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. UIOARA,

PREMIUM BUS S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18077872 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18071/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, B-DUL GHEORGH

TIGLO TIPOGRAPHY S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 28297379 Registration number Trade Register: J40/4098/2011, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL POLIGRA

ZHUANGSHUN IMPEX S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 25823720 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8276/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, SOS. GARII CA

PARTNER INSTAL CONSTRUCT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18683640 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8082/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. SARUL DO

BIJU FIERARI S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18078584 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18103/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. PEISAJUL

VISMA IMOBILIARE SRL

Fiscal Code: 18078681 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18098/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL UNIRII,

LIVE & STYLE IMPEX S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18078754 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18093/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA EMIL RA

NICUSOR BUCURESTI S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13231147 Registration number Trade Register: J40/6985/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. ALEEA DE

TERRA NETWORKS LIMITED S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18079474 Registration number Trade Register: J40/18112/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, B-DUL IULIU M

AMIEL INVESTITII SI CONSULTANTA SRL

Fiscal Code: 18231652 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21409/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. MIHAI EM

WANG SI IMPORT EXPORT SRL

Fiscal Code: 13234968 Registration number Trade Register: J40/4862/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, BLD. CHIŞINĂU

INSPECT CONSTRUCT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18233360 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21461/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. NUVELEI,

S.I.T.- SFETCU INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 5221436 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2232/1994, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL ION MIH

PLAJA CORBU BETA S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 24131330 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11391/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. ION CIMP

SILVER SPOON PRODUCTION S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18233610 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21446/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. BABA NOV

MULTI WEB EXPERT SRL

Fiscal Code: 18233637 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21466/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. DRISTOR,

IVANA FASHION SRL

Fiscal Code: 18233653 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21425/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. NERVA TR

VIN DAN CONSULTING S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18233670 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21423/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL NICOLAE

ALIM ARCADIA S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 427100 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2968/1991, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. SEBASTIA

ECOENERGY BY GE.DE.T S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 21787160 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9883/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. AV.FUICA

REAL IMPACT CONSTRUCTION SRL

Fiscal Code: 18233912 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21435/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. VINTILA

P.N.G. 2000 SRL

Fiscal Code: 13236179 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7056/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. FILDEŞUL

ARTIMPRES ROAGENCY S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18235530 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21488/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. STOICA L

MEVA IMPEX SRL

Fiscal Code: 5221479 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2224/1994, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. COL. BOR

DAGROM UNIVERSAL S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13236195 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7054/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, ALEEA ROTUNDA

PSIHO CONSULTING SRL

Fiscal Code: 18235670 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21497/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. POIANA F

DANAE DESIGN SRL

Fiscal Code: 13236217 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7052/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. MIHAI BR

MACOS PROJECT SRL

Fiscal Code: 25799109 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8076/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. AMIRAL H

STEFANA CONSTRUCT IMPEX S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 24144410 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11719/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. SIBIU, N

CHT DEVELOPMENT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 21791897 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9991/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. RADU CAL

GLOBAL MARKETING SOLUTIONS SRL

Fiscal Code: 13236330 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7040/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL GENERAL

ARIO CONSULT INTERNATIONAL S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 22254395 Registration number Trade Register: J40/15362/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. DR. IACO

FLOWER PARTY SRL

Fiscal Code: 18236005 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21511/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. SF. ANA,

YAMCO PROD COM S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18236021 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21527/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL NICOLAE

NOSTRA IMPEX SRL

Fiscal Code: 46059 Registration number Trade Register: J40/20085/1992, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, SOS. VIILOR,

OBISTI DECOR SRL

Fiscal Code: 18236080 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21516/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. IZVORUL

LAZAR GROUP SRL

Fiscal Code: 18236099 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21531/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. IZVORUL

RED MAP SRL

Fiscal Code: 13236454 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7028/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. THEODOR

ZOTTEX SRL

Fiscal Code: 5222172 Registration number Trade Register: J40/27408/1993, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, B-DUL TIMISOA

BLUE LEMON MEDIA INVESTMENT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18238634 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21570/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. ARISTOTE

AUTOMAR TEHNIC SRL

Fiscal Code: 18238650 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21541/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. PANTELIM

ALFA EXPERT AUDITAX S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13237948 Registration number Trade Register: J40/20290/2004, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. BORSA, N

FINANCIAL SPORT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18238685 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21556/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. COLENTIN

HITECH DESIGN ART SRL

Fiscal Code: 18238758 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21578/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. LIVIU RE

TIC-TAC TREND S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 26049776 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9436/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. MRENEI,

SATURN COMPANY S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18684041 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8108/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, INTR. IZVORAN

FREESTYLE RUS S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 23983546 Registration number Trade Register: J40/9641/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, B-DUL CAMIL R

TRUST INTERNATIONAL CONSULT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18238901 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21537/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, ALEEA IOSIF H

BKP EXPERT MANAGEMENT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18238910 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21542/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA TRESTIA

HURMU ALIMENT CONCEPT SRL

Fiscal Code: 18238987 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21563/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, STR. GAROAFEI

UNICREDIT BANK SA BUCURESTI SUCURSALA MARASESTI BUCURESTI

Fiscal Code: 13241051 Registration number Trade Register: J2000007132403, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, SPL UNIRII, N

MOTOR TRADING S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18835861 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11171/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, SOS. PIPERA,

GROUP SERVICE SRL TARANTO ITALIA SUCURSALA BUCURESTI ROMANIA

Fiscal Code: 13241060 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7131/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. BRANDUSE

GEMENII CONSULTING GRUP 2005 AGENT DE ASIGURARE S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18239109 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21572/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. HUEDIN,

BLUE MOON MEDIA SRL

Fiscal Code: 18239117 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21571/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. DRUMUL T

VERSATILE SOFTWARE SRL

Fiscal Code: 23085260 Registration number Trade Register: J40/696/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, BLD. THEODOR

DIROMA IMPORT EXPORT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13241159 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7122/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. RAHMANIN

VEST ART DEVELOPMENT SRL

Fiscal Code: 18239613 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21608/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, B-DUL CAROL I

STUDIO DESIGN MODEXIM S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18239621 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21592/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, B-DUL IULIU M

TOYO MOTOR LEASING IFN SA

Fiscal Code: 18239699 Registration number Trade Register: J2005021605409, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, SPL. UNIRII,

EUROTOTAL PROSERV AFG S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 24560986 Registration number Trade Register: J40/16980/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. CARAGEA

LACRIS ACTIV IMPEX SRL

Fiscal Code: 18239753 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21602/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. FRUMUSAN

NET MOD SRL

Fiscal Code: 21409289 Registration number Trade Register: J40/5799/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, STR. ION MINU

MD CONSULTANTA AD-HOC S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 24540261 Registration number Trade Register: J40/16688/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. AMICITIE

MAGEST TURISM S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18240391 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21623/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, B-DUL DIMITRI

LEADER FANTESY S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18240405 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21622/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, ALEEA MOINEST

FEDERAL TRADING SRL

Fiscal Code: 18240430 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21631/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, STR. DRUMUL O

COUNTESS OFFICE CONSULT SRL

Fiscal Code: 13246768 Registration number Trade Register: J2000007174409, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, B-DUL NICOLAE

A.L.G. TRADING COM S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 5229022 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2665/1994, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. DRAGUSIN

AGENTIA DE PUBLICITATE SARE SI PIPER S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18240510 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21642/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. VISINILO

ALIMAX ALLIANCE S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18240545 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21634/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, STR. ALEEA SE

MACRI TRANS S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18837854 Registration number Trade Register: J40/11185/2006, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. G-RAL ST

G&G MARIAJE SRL

Fiscal Code: 18240561 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21640/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, BLD. IULIU MA

REBEL 2000 IMPEX S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13246946 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7156/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. SINAIA,

IRICARMEL SRL

Fiscal Code: 18241052 Registration number Trade Register: J40/22194/2023, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. PIAŢA GĂ

CDF NETWORK SRL

Fiscal Code: 18242163 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21651/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. BAICULES

DENDRO SERVICE S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 25809237 Registration number Trade Register: J40/8170/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. PAVLOV,

IFN FINANCE INFINITY SA

Fiscal Code: 21147625 Registration number Trade Register: J40/3515/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 5, CALEA RAHOVEI

HASH TEAM S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 22043550 Registration number Trade Register: J40/12755/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, BLD. IULIU MA

GREEN HERITAGE INVESTMENT S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18242236 Registration number Trade Register: J2005021662402, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR AV. POPIŞ

ART SMART S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13247089 Registration number Trade Register: J29/655/2008, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. LUNCŞOAR

GABIMAD COM TRADING S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 26595700 Registration number Trade Register: J40/2209/2010, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. PICTOR H

SALMAR IMPEX S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 13247097 Registration number Trade Register: J40/7141/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, B-DUL LACUL T

MARRA FOOD & BEVERAGE S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 21815864 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10276/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. BALARIA,

INCREDO GRUP S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 21409076 Registration number Trade Register: J40/5768/2007, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 1, STR. POPA TAT

FRIENDS CAFE S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 25578434 Registration number Trade Register: J40/6087/2009, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 3, ALEEA ARMENIS

VALICOR TRANS S.R.L.

Fiscal Code: 18242449 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21670/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA UCEA, N

RAMCO GRUP SRL

Fiscal Code: 13521060 Registration number Trade Register: J40/10375/2000, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 4, ALEEA TERASEI

ELECTRO VAL-FLOR SRL

Fiscal Code: 18245089 Registration number Trade Register: J40/21698/2005, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 2, STR. CÂMPUL C

ADERNO IMPORT EXPORT SRL

Fiscal Code: 33897213 Registration number Trade Register: J40/14442/2014, County: Bucuresti, MUNICIPIUL BUCUREŞTI, SECTOR 6, SPL. INDEPEND